The zeroth through third laws governing heat, energy, and entropy.
A concise treatment of all four thermodynamic laws with key equations.
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If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This defines temperature.
The change in internal energy equals heat added minus work done by the system.
In any spontaneous process the total entropy of an isolated system does not decrease:
The Clausius inequality: .
As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero:
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