flowchart TD %% --- SOURCE LAYER --- subgraph Layer1 ["1. Source Code"] A["main.cpp

#include <print>\nint main() {\n    std::print("Hello");\n    return 0;\n}

"] B["print.hpp

void print(const char*);

"] C["print.cpp

#include "print.hpp"\nvoid print(const char* s){\n    // implementation\n}

"] end %% --- PREPROCESSOR --- D[["⚙️ PREPROCESSOR"]] A & B --> D C & B --> D %% --- PREPROCESSED LAYER --- subgraph Layer2 ["2. Preprocessed Output"] E["main.i

void print(const char*);\nint main() {\n    std::print("Hello");\n    return 0;\n}

"] F["print.i

void print(const char*);\nvoid print(const char* s){\n    // implementation\n}

"] end D --> E D --> F %% --- COMPILER --- G[["⚙️ COMPILER"]] E --> G F --> G %% --- ASSEMBLY LAYER --- subgraph Layer3 ["3. Assembly Code"] H["main.s

.globl _main\n_main:\n    pushq %rbp\n    callq _print\n    xorl %eax, %eax

"] I["print.s

.globl _print\n_print:\n    pushq %rbp\n    # ... system call ...

"] end G --> H G --> I %% --- ASSEMBLER --- J[["⚙️ ASSEMBLER"]] H --> J I --> J %% --- OBJECT LAYER --- subgraph Layer4 ["4. Machine Object Files"] K["main.o / main.obj
Binary machine code
Unresolved symbols: _print"] L["print.o / print.obj
Binary machine code
Exported symbols: _print"] end J --> K J --> L %% --- LINKER --- M[["⚙️ LINKER"]] K --> M L --> M N[("📚 System / OS Libraries")] --> M %% --- FINAL EXECUTABLE --- subgraph Layer5 ["5. Runtime Binary"] O["main.exe / a.out
Complete Executable Binary
Ready to run"] end M --> O %% --- STYLING --- style A text-align:left style B text-align:left style C text-align:left style E text-align:left style F text-align:left style H text-align:left style I text-align:left style K text-align:center style L text-align:center style O text-align:center classDef tool fill:#445566,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px,font-weight:bold; class D,G,J,M tool;

Cpp Source Code Evolution