Definitions
a^∣n⟩=n∣n−1⟩a^†∣n⟩=n+1∣n+1⟩
Where, a^ is the annihilation operator and it's conjugate is the creation oprator.
Properties
Arbitrary states
By direct recursion, we easily find that,
(a^†)n∣0⟩=n!
Thus
∣n⟩=n!1
Commutation
[a^,a^†]=a^
The number operator
a^†a^=n
And by the commutation relation,
a^a^†=n+1
Anti-commutation
{a^,a^†}=a^
Modes
For different modes ( k or ω ),
[a^k,a^k
General single photon
∣ψ;f⟩=k∑f(k)a^k
Other Commutation relation
[a^†a^,a^
[a^†a^,a^]=[